• Description: Avoids synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, emphasizing sustainable practices.
• Characteristics: Crop rotation, composting, biological pest control.
  Organic farming is an agricultural approach that emphasizes sustainable and environmentally friendly practices, avoiding the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and other synthetic additives. Instead, organic farmers rely on natural processes, traditional farming methods, and biological systems to enhance soil fertility, control pests, and promote overall crop health.

Key principles and practices of organic farming include:

• Soil Health: Organic farming prioritizes building and maintaining healthy soil. This involves the use of organic matter, cover crops, and compost to enhance soil fertility, structure, and microbial activity.
• Crop Rotation: Organic farmers often practice crop rotation, a method where different crops are planted in a sequence to reduce pests and diseases, improve soil health, and maintain nutrient balance.
• Natural Pest and Disease Control: Instead of synthetic pesticides, organic farmers employ natural methods for pest and disease control. This may include the use of beneficial insects, crop rotation, and companion planting.
• Avoidance of Synthetic Inputs: Organic farming prohibits the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and genetically modified organisms. Instead, natural alternatives, such as organic fertilizers and biopesticides, are preferred.
• Animal Welfare: In organic farming, if livestock is involved, there is an emphasis on providing animals with access to the outdoors, organic feed, and humane treatment. Manure from animals is often used as a natural fertilizer.
• No GMOs: Organic farming strictly avoids the use of genetically modified organisms. Organic crops are grown from non-GMO seeds, and genetic engineering is not allowed in any stage of production.
• Certification: To be labeled as organic, farms must adhere to organic farming standards set by certification bodies. These standards vary by country but generally include guidelines for soil management, pest control, and the use of organic inputs.

Organic farming is seen as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional agriculture. It promotes biodiversity, reduces the use of synthetic inputs, and aims to create a balanced and resilient agroecosystem. Organic products are recognized by consumers for their perceived health and environmental benefits, leading to a growing market for organic produce.