• Description: Large-scale farming primarily for sale in the market.
• Characteristics: Specialized crops, mechanized equipment, and a focus on profit.
  
  Commercial farming is a type of agriculture in which crops and livestock are produced with the primary intention of selling them for profit. Unlike subsistence farming, where the focus is on meeting the basic needs of the farmer and their family, commercial farming is characterized by large-scale operations aimed at generating income from the sale of agricultural products.

Key features of commercial farming include:

• Scale of Operation: Commercial farms are typically large-scale operations that cover extensive areas of land. They may involve the cultivation of crops, such as grains, fruits, or vegetables, or the raising of livestock for meat, dairy, or other products.
• Market Orientation: The production in commercial farming is market-driven. Farmers grow crops or raise livestock that have high demand in the market, and they often use modern technologies and techniques to maximize yield and efficiency.
• Use of Technology: Commercial farms often employ advanced agricultural technologies, machinery, and equipment to enhance productivity. This may include the use of tractors, irrigation systems, genetically modified crops, and precision farming techniques.
• Specialization: Commercial farms often specialize in the production of specific crops or livestock based on market demand and profitability. This specialization allows for efficient use of resources and better management practices.
• Capital Investment: Commercial farming involves significant capital investment in land, equipment, seeds, and other inputs. Farmers may also invest in research and development to stay competitive and adopt the latest agricultural innovations.
• Integration in Supply Chains: Commercial farmers are usually part of larger agricultural supply chains. They may sell their products directly to processors, distributors, or retailers, contributing to the broader food distribution network.

Commercial farming plays a crucial role in meeting the food demands of growing populations and contributing to the economy through the generation of income and employment opportunities. However, it also raises concerns related to environmental sustainability, resource use, and the potential concentration of agricultural power in the hands of a few large enterprises.